Role of Weak Attractions in Macromolecular Structure

Role of Weak Attractions in Macromolecular Structure Weak attractions in aqueous system?  Hydrogen bonding in water. Crucial role of weak attractions in macromolecular structure  and function. Muhammad Sanain Javed Group A Water is also known as universal solvent because it is the only solvent which mostly use in almost every reaction. There are many types of weak attractions which are present in aqueous system. The weak attractions which are present in the aqueous system are: Hydrogen Bonding Hydrophobic forces of attractions van der Waals forces of attractions Electrostatic forces of attractions Hydrogen Bonding: First of all we will discuss about hydrogen bonding which is present in the aqueous system. Oxygen is more electronegative element as compared to the hydrogen atom, so in this way we can say that the water is a polar molecule. So that there will be dipole-dipole attractions present between partial positively charged hydrogen atom and partial negatively charged oxygen atom. So that we can say that the hydrogen bonding is something more than that of simple dipole-dipole forces. The oxygen atom has two lone pairs. While on the other hand hydrogen has sufficient partial positive charge. In this way both the hydrogen atoms present in the water molecules produce strong electric field due to its small sizes. So that the other oxygen atoms, may be of other molecules, will get link to the hydrogen atoms by means of coordinate covalent bond, using one of its lone pair of electrons. Thus the loose bond is formed, in the result, which is definitely stronger than that of simple dipole -dipole attractions. Because of the small size of hydrogen atom it can take part in this type of bonding. This bonding acts as a bridge between two electronegative oxygen atoms. So that we can say that the hydrogen bonding is the electrostatic force of attraction between a highly electronegative atom and partial positively charged hydrogen atom. Hydrogen bonding plays very important role in the water. We can say that it is the blessing of Allah. As the molecule of water have tetrahedral structure. Two lone pairs of electrons on oxygen atoms occupy two corners of the tetrahedron. In case of liquid state the molecules of water are extensively bonded with each other but these associations are break, just minute to minute because the mobility of molecules of water. When the temperature of the water decreases up to a limited extent then the ice is formed and the and the molecules of water become more and more regular and the regularity of water molecules extends through-out the whole structure of water. So in this way the empty space are created between in the whole structure. When the water freezes it occupies 9% more space as compared to the original water. So in this way its density decreases and ice floats on the surface of the water. The structure is just like to the structure of diamond because each atom of carbon in diamon d is at the center of tetrahedron just like the atoms of oxygen of water molecule present in the ice. The lower density of ice at the temperature of 0 degree helps the water to float on the surface of water from upward to downward direction. When the water attains the temperature of 4C by the fall of temperature in the surrounding it starts to freezes. As the temperature of the surrounding more falls, the water at its surface become less dense. In this way the water on the surface will freezes and animals underlying he surface of the ice will survive. Hydrophobic Attractions: Another important attraction present in the aqueous system is the hydrophobic attraction which is in fact the self association attraction present in the non polar molecules sometimes the hydrophobic attractions are incorrectly referred as hydrophobic bonds. Hydrophobic forces of attractions can easily be described as the interaction between the water and the hydrophobes. This can be explained as low water soluble molecules so in this way we can say that these are the non polar molecules having long chain carbon atoms and some alkyl groups which do not react with the water molecules. Electrostatic forces of attractions: Electrostatic forces of attractions are also present in the aqueous system. This force of attraction is present between the atoms or molecules having opposite charges. These types of forces are only exist in the aqueous solutions so sometimes these are also known as salt bridge. Salt bridge is referred as the electrostatic forces of attractions which are present between oppositely charged groups present within or between the bio-molecules. The strength of the salt bridge can be compared with the strength of the hydrogen bonding but act over larger distance. In this way they also facilitate the attractions of charged particles with the nucleic acids in aqueous system. Van der Waals forces: Van der Waals forces of attractions are also present in the aqueous system. This type of weak forces arises due to attraction between transient dipoles which are produce by the rapid movement of free electrons present in the atom or a molecule. These forces are much weaker than that of hydrogen bonding but on the other hand they are numerous, van der Waals force of attraction decreases as the sixth power of the distance separating atoms. So that due to this reason and due to weak force the van der Waals forces act over very short distance may be up to 2 to 4 aungstrom. Van der Waals forces contain two components one of them is the attractive forces which are commonly known as London dispersion forces. These attractive forces depend on the polarizability of the molecule or an atom. While on the other hand repulsive forces are also present which are commonly known as steric repulsion. This force of repulsion depends on the size of the atom. The force of attractions dominates almost at the longer distance. It is almost about 0.4 nm to 0.7 nm while on the other hand the repulsion dominates at very shorter distance. Van der Waals forces are very weak force and it can easily be broke. We can also say that this is a universal type of attractive force because it can be generated easily between two molecules which are near to each other due to the rapid movement of their electrons. Crucial role of weak attractions in macromolecules: Weak attractions are crucial to macromolecular structure and functions because all the non covalent interactions such as hydrophobic attractions, ionic attractions and van-der Waals attractions are much weaker than that of the covalent attractions. Hydrophobic attractions are also much weaker than that of covalent attractions although they are highly strengthened by a highly polar solvent while on the other hand the hydrogen bonding may be compare able with the covalent bonding but the hydrogen bonding is always less stronger than that of the covalent bonding. All these four types of bonding such as hydrophobic attractions, ionic attractions, hydrogen bonding and van-der Waals forces of attractions are present in the aqueous system. The combined effect of all these four attractions play very important role in the formation of structure of the macromolecule. For example if we look upon the structure of the proteins, DNA and RNA then we can easily see that these bonding specially hydrogen bonding plays very important role in the formation of structure of the macromolecules. More these weak attractions present in the macromolecule hence the more will be the stability of the macromolecule. This shows the combine effect of the weak attractions in the structure of macromolecule. In case of proteins or even in case of nucleotides all the base pairs are attached with the help of these weak attractions such as hydrogen binding. If we see the attachment of adenine and thymine then we can easily observed that these are combined with each other with t he help of two hydrogen bonds while on the other hand if we observe the attachment of guanine with cytosine then easily observe that these are also combined with the help of three hydrogen bonds. While in case of proteins two polypeptides are also combined with each other by the help of hydrogen bonding but only at specific sites. In case of antigen antibody complex formation hydrogen bonding also plays very important role because antigen binds with the antibody with the help of hydrogen bond formation. Other weak attractions are also present in the macromolecules. In case of the enzyme catalytic reactions, when the substrate binds with the catalytic site of enzyme then the energy produced in this reaction is used the catalysis of the bio molecule. The substrate binds with the active sites of enzyme is also due to the formation of weak forces of attractions in the aqueous system. The binding of hormone or a neurotransmitter with the cellular receptor is also due to these weak forces of attractions. When we see the structure of the protein such as hemoglobin then we can easily see that there are many water molecules which are tightly bounded and they look as the part of that protein. Same is true for the DNA or RNA so that in this way we can see that water it self and there related weak attractions play very important role in the stability of the macromolecule. In this way we can say that the weak forces of attractions plays very important role in the stability of the macromolecules. So we can say that without these weak attractions in aqueous system the stability of the macromolecule must be impossible.

The Twilight Saga 5: Midnight Sun 23. Race

As I was kneeling down on the ground I felt sturdy hands bring me to my feet and the thoughts that accompanied them. Alice. Edward, she's not dead. We have to hurry. I know where she's going! I sprung to my feet and flew towards the parking structure, which luckily had a covered pathway. She didn't need to think or say any other words to get me to my feet and bring me from the almost catatonic state I was slipping to. Alice was running next to me while Carlisle, Emmett and Jasper were trailing behind. I whipped in and out of the many rows of cars looking for a vehicle that would be fast enough to save the precious life that had consumed me and filled me with a warmth I would never get back if she ?C gulp ?C were dead. All the while Alice was shouting orders and directions to all of us. â€Å"Fifty-Eighth Street and Cactus,† she was running next to Jasper now. â€Å"The Ballet Studio.† Several images floated across her mind to direct me where to go. I winced as the images also showed the death or newly created vampire life that was now Bella's future. A mixture of emotions poured into my mind. Pain. Grief. Agony. Relief? Would I feel relieved if she became a vampire? â€Å"Carlisle, go with Edward,† Alice continued to bark orders. â€Å"Jasper, Emmett ?C you're with me.† I could see the inner workings of their minds as they mentally brought maps of the Phoenix area to the forefront trying to map the best possible routes to get to Bella. I can't wait to get a piece of him. Emmett raced through the cars excitedly. Another feeling ?C anger ?C was pulsing through my body in rapid fluid movements down my veins. Emotions were filling me as I continued to witness and hear my families reactions to the human girl they once tried to condemn to death. I listened mostly to Jaspers rampant thoughts. Take a left†¦wait, no, go straight. He was mentally mapping the area. I have to get to her in time†¦ Edward. He winced at the feelings he could feel emitting off of my body. All the different emotions were heightened as each situation ran through my mind. Alice. Jasper put a little more force behind each step he took. And Bella†¦ He didn't understand his affection for her, but it was strongly there. A shiny black car caught my eye as I dashed around a corner. I saw the little letters on the bumper that instantly pulled me to it ?C SLK55 AMG. Mercedes. I didn't know who I was sending my thanks to, but I said it anyways. â€Å"Thank you,† I mumbled. Excellent, Alice had found an almost equally fast vehicle, a STSV Cadillac. I gripped the door of the Mercedes hard enough that it easily opened, breaking the handle in the process. Alarms went off. â€Å"Open the hood,† Carlisle shouted. I pressed the button for the hood and it flew up. The alarms stopped instantly. â€Å"Okay. Let's go.† Carlisle yelled while slamming the hood shut. He ran back to the passenger's side door pulling it open and slumping to his seat, slamming the door. Go. He didn't need to tell me, I had already put the car in reverse and was flying out of the parking spot – Alice whizzing around the corner behind me. I put the car in first gear, and moved my feet so fast between letting off the clutch and pressing the accelerator that the car darted forward, squealed tires and flew out of the parking garage with an angry attendant screaming at us. Carlisle was mentally listing all the possible supplies we might need once we arrived at the studio. â€Å"What did Alice see again?† â€Å"A lot of blood,† something was obstructing my throat. â€Å"Anything else?† â€Å"Nothing obvious, it was blurry.† Bella possibly becoming a vampire, I added mentally. I shifted into second gear as we turned a corner, the RPM running close to red as I speed towards the I-ten. I pressed the accelerator down harder as I switched into third gear. The engine roared in approval at my speed. It was only point eight miles to the exit I needed to take. Exit 147. Jasper thought mentally. Alice was keeping up with me, practically trying to race me down the interstate ?C we were in a race, a race to get to Bella. I flew past several cars as horns blared and hand gestures came flying out of windows. We both weaved in and out of traffic as I listened to Alice's thoughts to see which moves she would make next, making our driving seem synchronized. A semi truck made it impossible to pass so Alice and I both moved into the emergency lane. I was finally hitting fifth gear as our exit loomed into view. I pushed the car faster as we turned off the exit. Highway fifty-one, Emmett acknowledged. I saw the mental map in his mind as I realized it would be a grueling thirteen point nine miles until we would reach our next turn. There were seven cars waiting at the red light right off the interstate. We can make it without any accidents if we time this right. Alice pictured our best move through traffic and running the red light ahead of us. We both separated, moving together but separately as we flew through gravel and side shoulders to pass the many waiting cars. At the exact same time we flew through the red light, both of our back ends sliding out sideways. I put my car into first gear and threw my foot down on the accelerator. Tires squealed and smoke billowed out behind me as the car lurched forward. Again, Alice and I drove in an intricate pattern in and out of traffic as she predicted the traffic light outcomes and our best possible routes. Three minutes had passed since I stood at the end of the sidewalk, at the end of dark and light. If Bella had been turned into a vampire†¦I trailed off in thought as many mixed emotions swam around in my brain. I hit second gear and the car flew forcefully forward as I pressed the gas down. Anxiety was ripping through me at the thought of Bella no longer living. Alice's vision was brought to the forefront of my mind as I began to think contingency plans. During Alice's insight I saw Bella's limp, dead and broken body strewn across the studio floor, blood covering every last inch of her. Alice saw me running into the room and bringing Bella to my chest, refusing to let go as I continued to try and listen for her beating heart that was no longer moving the precious blood that smelt so delicious. Imagining my life without Bella was excruciating and I knew that if I were too late, I too would die. But how would I? Jasper wouldn't help, and neither would Emmett. I knew Carlisle would refuse to end my life and Esme would back him up. Even Rosalie would not take my life, even if I begged and graveled. I shifted into third gear as we flew down the highway. Cop ahead, slow down. Alice warned me, but I refused to let up on the accelerator. I pressed the pedal down harder as the car's RPM reached Eight thousand. I shifted into fourth gear and the car jerked forward. I didn't bother to see what the outcome would be when I flew past the parked cop. He turned his lights on and began speeding down the road after me. What he didn't know was that I could read his mind. I knew exactly what his plans were and Alice could see the future outcomes of them and I would ultimately get away. The cop's sirens blared behind me as he called for backup. I put the car into third gear, advancing the Mercedes. Alice was now behind the cop, trying to distract him with her reckless driving. The cops mind became incoherent with panic as Alice tried to run him off the road. When we finally had the cop between the two of us, he began to mutter under his breath little prayers to his god. Ahead was a car, and we were going to pass it, the cop was going to have to stop or wreck. As with most humans, their first reaction is to protect self. The cop slammed on his brakes while cussing loudly. I put the car back into fourth gear as it advanced down highway fifty-one. We swerved in and out of more cars as traffic began building up as the morning hours ticked on. My skin began to glitter fantastically out the window as many pedestrians began to gawk at me as I drove by. I slammed the clutch in and threw the car into fifth gear. Another lurch forward and the car went flying past several vehicles and buildings, making them almost blurry. The quicker my speed became the more Alice's vision began to change, but it was still too cloudy to depict the outcome. I blocked out her visions because I was afraid they would bring me into a false sense of security. I saw East Lincoln Drive and knew that we were bang on course. I stomped the clutch down again as I brought the car into sixth gear. I was now flying through cars along with Alice going one twenty five. Each second that passed me felt like an eternity. Come on Alice, press the damn gas down, Jasper roared in his head. I didn't understand his thoughts. He had no connection to Bella, no link of any kind. If she were to perish, he would survive, but he continued to press the imaginary gas pedal from the passenger's side. Traffic was backing up down several blocks now and I had to find a way around them all. I mentally began mapping other roads in my mind. They will all be blocked. Alice informed me. With each new plan and thought I was thwarted by more traffic, more people and vehicles all pilling up on top of each other while Bella was nearing death. Cold fury swept through me as I yanked the car to a hard right and was now driving along the wide sidewalk next to several businesses. People were diving into the street and backing up against buildings as I speed past, Alice closely behind me. The chill that was in my stomach seemed to surge icy cold as my fear and panic rose with each second. During our drive Carlisle sat calmly in the passenger seat as we exposed ourselves and attracted unwanted attention. I hadn't been paying attention to his thoughts but finally noticed the calm composure that he had. â€Å"Why are you so calm?† I yelled. I want to save her life as much as you. We need to hurry ?C and if we have to make the papers, then so be it. Carlisle shot me a smile. His face was sparkling spectacularly, sending rainbows and waves of color out of the vehicle as we finally hopped off the sidewalk. I shifted down into third gear as I slowed behind some more cars. As soon as the way was clear I slammed the accelerator down, speeding down the road once more, pushing the clutch in to change into fourth. I brought the mental map back to the forefront of my mind as I tabulated how much longer it would be before we would be turning onto Cactus. I saw the street sign a quarter of a mile away and the car automatically went forcefully forward to punctuate my need. At long last I was going to be close enough to Bella that I would be able to hear her heart beat. As we approached the turn I refused to slow down. I stomped on the brake as it came upon us and sent the car sliding sideways until I was turned ninety degrees from where I was before, speeding hastily down Cactus. My stomach was screwed tight with pain when I heard the fluttering noise of an angel. Bella's heart was not thrumming at its normal pulse; it was quickened, yet pumping sluggishly at the same time. My heart lifted in spite of myself as I realized she was still alive. Relief so exquisite that it was nearly pain entered my body, but was suddenly replaced by anger. I made my way quickly down the road as we passed malls and parks where people were happily oblivious to the danger just blocks away. I saw Carlisle give an appreciative nod as I flipped the car into third gear, watching the RPM meter fly up until I grabbed the shifter and slammed it into fourth gear. I saw Carlisle grab the handles inside the car ready to eject himself out into the street to get to Bella. An upsurge of noise erupted in my mind as I heard Bella's cries of agony and scream ripping through the morning air. I could hear the mental pleasure in James' thoughts as he threw her body across the room. I turned a tortured face to Carlisle as he added to his mental list of possible supplies he would need once we arrived to the studio. A red haze clouded my visions as we drove closer ?C we were now only a block away. The vision in Alice's mind was solidifying and what I saw ripped my heart in two. Bella ?C a vampire. The monster, my monster, which had been so eager to escape, was now being liberated. Brutal violence ripped through my body and out through my fingertips as I gripped the steering wheel tighter. I could hear James' delicately inflected voice â€Å"That's a very nice effect.† Carlisle was stealing glances in my direction as we finally reached Fifty-Eighth Street. I barely slowed down as I drove the vehicle so close to the entrance it was only inches away from touching the glass doors. I could hear Bella's pulse reaching danger point as I practically pulled the car door off its hinges trying to get to her. I didn't bother opening the studio doors as I left Edward shaped holes in the glass. The second I entered the building the most delicious smell filled my lungs and I paused for only a brief fraction of a second to take in the aroma before my eyes fell immediately upon the monster hovering over Bella. It was a scene of total devastation – glass was strewn across the floor and blood glittered in the sunlight coming from the windows. My eyes were solely focused on Bella, though. Her limp body lay unmoving and broken ?C bleeding. My worst fears had come to life. My view was suddenly obliterated by anger as I dived into James, sending him flying across the studio. He began snapping at me but I held him up around the throat, tightening my grip. Behind me I heard Bella gasping and groaning in agony. James struggled in my grip as Jasper flew up behind me, grabbing James' arm and ripping it off. I looked over my shoulder to see Emmett plummeting through the studio, his expression rapt and exultant at his new prey. I let go of James, realizing Bella needed me more. I was not oblivious to Jasper's thirst, which he kept in check as he had a different type of prey to attend to now. Carlisle was not far behind as he helped Jasper and Emmett kill the one creature I would personally like to torture for an eternity. Alice had already rushed to Bella's side. Bella's breathing was harsh and ragged as she took several heavy panting breaths. I ran over to Bella, kneeling in a pool of blood. I didn't even bother to hold my breath, as each flame that ripped down my throat only punctuated the fact that she was still alive, her heart was still beating. My hands moved over her but I didn't know what to do as her body finally went limp. â€Å"Oh no, Bella, no.† I cried out, rubbing the blood from her eyes. Pain in dimensions that I had never felt before tore my body to pieces. I could feel the tearing of my heart ?C her heart. â€Å"Bella, please!† I begged for her to return to me, to just show me a sign that she was conscious. â€Å"Bella, listen to me, please, please, Bella, please!† I pleaded as heavy tearless sobs sent my body into near convulsions. â€Å"Carlisle,† I shouted behind me with a bite of impatience. I turned back to Bella who was lying aslant, like her body had been broken in many places. Fragments of glass were deeply imbedded into her hair. I watched as dark red and gluttonous blood flowed rapidly from her head and leg. I swallowed my venom back. â€Å"Bella, Bella, no, oh please, no, no!† Another tearless sob. I listened as her heart began to move sluggishly, like there wasn't enough blood on her body to keep it going. I'll try to stop the bleeding. Alice moved towards Bella's head and put pressure on her wound. The blood instantly stopped leaking from her head. There was no hesitation in Alice's thoughts ?C her mind had one mission, and that was to save Bella. Bella became paler and damper than normal and her skin grew cold. I heard running footsteps behind me as Carlisle slid to the floor and began working over her immediately, putting pressure on her leg wound. Tears seeped through her eyelids before they opened wide with pain and a cry came through her lips. Her cry was like a stimulant. â€Å"Bella,† I cried as relief swelled in me indescribably. Carlisle began his inventory mentally. â€Å"She's lost some blood, but the head wound isn't deep. Watch out for her leg, it's broken.† Icy cold rage filled my body like acid and a feral growl ripped up my lips. Cuss words went flying through my mind quickly as I imagined all the ways I would like to tear James' apart, put him back together and do it again, just for fun. Carlisle continued his inventory by feeling for other broken bones. He moved over Bella's ribs. She jerked and another sob escaped her lips, her eyes were blank, like she couldn't see clearly. â€Å"Edward,† Bella mumbled with an unearthly and beautiful sound. It was the most glorious and welcomed voice I had ever heard in my entire existence.

Top Guide of Samples of an Occupational Therapy College Written Essay

Top Guide of Samples of an Occupational Therapy College Written Essay The Nuiances of Samples of an Occupational Therapy College Written Essay Occupational therapy is more than only a job, it is a rewarding profession that's respected and is in overwhelming demand. It is essentially client based. It is for people of all ages. It will be given an important uplift since it will be seen as a very important component of the healthcare system. Worldwide, there's an array of qualifications needed to practice occupational therapy. Even though the fields of occupational therapy and physical therapy serve various roles in healthcare, there's a whole lot of crossover between both. The target of early occupational therapy was supposed to boost health through structured activities. In some instances, therapy services are supplied through an Occupational Therapy Assistant (OTA). How to Find Samples of an Occupational Therapy College Written Essay Online There isn't any limit on the variety of times each student may choose the GRE. A seasoned professional will make an error-free assignment right away and can help you boost your grades. You can also have information regarding relevant academic coursework you've completed here to further demonstrate you have both practical and academic experience that you are able to apply as a graduate student. Science courses taken online isn't going to be accepted. Although there are tons of classes, courses and seminars that you are able to take, it's always wisest to get hands-on, personalized training with somebody who is an authority in his area. A bachelor's degree is the very first step to turning into a naturopathic physician. A bachelor's degree in science, engineering or pharmacy is called for in order to get the position of a health representative. Although you aren't required to get a degree in a certain major, naturopathic schools might have prerequisites you must meet. Details of Samples of an Occupational Therapy College Written Essay For instance, you might need to incorporate a heading with the name and address of the individual who will be receiving your letter. The therapist also produces a paced return-to-work schedule, letting the woman to enhance her endurance gradually as a way to achieve a prosperous return to her workplace. A child fighting to begin on homework may find it useful to observe a written schedule, with each assignment slotted into a particular moment. You won't be allowed an interview in case you have not scheduled an appointment. Furthermore, be selective in who you decide to read your essay. Your essay is a special reflection of who you are as an individual. Although you ought to be creative when writing your essay, resist the need to find creative with the facts. A strong essay can provide you the very best opportunity to get in the school that you dream about. The framework describes roles as behaviors determined by culture, which a man or woman is predicted to do. Our life was not traditional though. There's not any reason to rush your essay. If you're beginning to feel frustrated or overwhelmed by your essay, take a rest and do something different. Our graduates come from a broad number of backgrounds. An internship will enable you to get experience working in the field whilst observing real-life situations you will need to eventually handle by yourself. Massage therapists utilize touch to manipulate many muscles and muscle groups in the body. If someone has difficulty engaging fully in day-to-day occupations, a therapist works with that man to evaluate why they can't carry out the particular activities and tasks that compose an occupation. You may do the job either by yourself or with a business which specializes in animal massage. Choosing our service, you are going to understand that studying can be simple if you gain from the help of capable experts. Many part-time positions are available, and a few hygienists can work for several unique dentists, boosting their wages. As a consequence, occupational therapists are in a position to recognize opportunities, together with challenges, which are a threat to their profession, and so embark on effective ways to counter them. It's sometimes simpler to look for employment to obtain experience before striking out by yourself. Under the new law, the high quality and the type of healthcare intervention is going to be appraised. Insurance professionals in plenty of industries earn the CPCU designation to boost their credentials and understanding of the insurance market. In most instances, you are going to need at least a bachelors degree to have a job as a technical writer, but appropriate experience with the item or within the industry might be a more important qualification. Specifically it's an individual's occupational performance that influences their wellbeing and personal satisfaction of their specific needs.

We Must Work Together to Defeat Eating Disorders - 1873 Words

Currently, in the United States, â€Å"eight million Americans suffer with an eating disorder† (National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders, 2013, p.1). Though many may think that an eating disorder is only common in a woman’s life, men also suffer from this disease. Taking that statistic further, â€Å"ninety five percent of Americans between the ages of twelve and twenty five have an eating disorder† (National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders, 2013, p.1). Men and women develop an eating disorder which results from a psych disorder. This disease is becoming an issue in America because â€Å"10% of Americans die in 10 years from an eating disorder† and everyone must become educated on this topic (National†¦show more content†¦Later, Annie attended individual therapy which was combined with family therapy. After Annie went to therapy, her mother realized that she needed to make changes involving her and Annie’s relationship. Her mother focused on talking with her every day and demonstrating to her that she is really there for Annie and she cares about her. Annie does not obsess about weight anymore and does not count calories. It is frustrating for her to talk about eating disorders to people who have a limited comprehension of the illness. Most people focus on the odd and secretive behaviors, and how little they weigh and what they do not eat. â€Å"She asserts that those things do not seem unusual to a person with eating disorders. The focus really is on bigger issues. Those issues are what the eating disorder is about† (KCTS, 2003, p.1). This issue needs to be addressed because eight million Americans suffer from an eating disorder. That statistic means that each person who suffers from an eating disorder has changed mentally and physically. From a mental perspective, the person has a difficult time focusing and controlling their emotions. A person also feels unmotivated and feels no interest in any activity. Their attitudes change and most likely become depressed. Once a person’s mood changes, family members and friends take a stance and are guaranteed to get that person some help from professionals. PhysicalShow MoreRelatedWomen s Lack Of Body Image1369 Words   |  6 Pagesbeauty. Females believe there is a â€Å"perfect body† they must have and if they don’t achieve it, they will be nothing. However, this is not the case. Every women body is beautiful. But as more and more women begin to down-grade their body, they develop low self-esteem, depression, and hate for themselves. Body image has power however, women have a greater power within them to not allow body image to take control of them. Throughout this paper, we will discuss about women having difficulties falling inRead MorePsychotherapy As A Treatment For Clinical Depression1353 Words   |  6 Pagesbut psychotherapy helps cure the underlying problem and ultimately prevents it from coming back. According to the European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, â€Å"Psychotherapy has been proven to give the patient the skills to not only defeat their current depression, but to prevent it from reoccurring†. Although medication is the preferred treatment for depression, psychotherapy has been proven to be far more effective.(Treatment of Depression) Angela, a 21 year old single mother livingRead MoreAaron Beck Youngest Of Five Children1634 Words   |  7 Pageshuman everyday functioning. It is a complex disorder, involving many systems of the body, including the immune system, either as cause or effect. Depression disrupts sleep, and loss of appetite, in some cases it cause weight loss, in other cases it cause weight gain. Because of its complexity, a full understanding of depression has been elusive. Depression involves mood and thoughts as well as the body, and it causes pain for both those with the disorder and those who care about them. (PsychologyRead MoreThe Artist s Way By Julia Cameron Essay4344 Words   |  18 Pagesviews on writing. I filled up many notebooks with ideas which, though unused, provided me getting a decent job. But a writer should take the initiative and write when it s good for them. The family is just rising in the morning, getting ready for work and school, so that s not always a prime time to write . Instead, write at night when the house is silent, the TV off, and everyone else is dreaming. You can do your own dreaming if you stick to the night pages. While the essay form might seem toRead MoreIndian Epic2666 Words   |  11 Pagesbetween 300 BC and 300 AD) has the honor of being the longest epic in world literature, 100,000 2-line stanzas (although the most recent critical edition edits this down to about 88,000), making it eight times as long as Homers  Iliad  and  Odyssey  together, and over 3 times as long as the Bible (Chaitanya vii). According to the Narasimhan version, only about 4000 lines relate to the main story; the rest contain additional myths and teachings. In other words, theMahabharata  resembles a long journeyRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Dementia11088 Words   |  45 PagesIntroduction: In this assignment I will be explaining the different physiological disorders. The two disorders that I have picked are dementia and diabetes. With this I will discuss and explain the signs and symptoms that occurs and the changes the clients have been through. Dementia: Dementia is an illness that happens to the elderly. Frequently dementia takes place in people who are 65 and over. From research it has been said that the older you get, the more likely you are to develop it. DementiaRead MoreRational Emotive Behaviour Therapy - Essay9996 Words   |  40 PagesEmotive Behaviour Therapy’. REBT is one of a number of ‘cognitive-behavioural’ therapies, which, although developed separately, have many similarities – such as Cognitive Therapy (CT), developed by Psychiatrist Aaron Beck in the 1960’s. REBT and CT together form the basis of the family of psychotherapies known as ‘Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy’. Over the past halfcentury, REBT has developed significantly, and continues to change. (about themselves, other people, and the world in general). It is whatRead MoreQuestions On Gluten Food Alternatives11407 Words   |  46 PagesFree! -Avoiding Gluten: Parties, Restaurants, and Social Events! -What Happens When You Cheat? Chapter 5 Cuisine and Cooking! -Using Gluten Free Ingredients -Problems and Solutions -Gluten-Free World Cuisine -Sample recipes Chapter 6 Put It Together -Helpful Things -Give Yourself a Hand -Watch Out For These Things! -Remember to Live! Introduction: Gluten, Friend or Foe? Gluten, gluten, gluten; what is it? Why is everyone making a big deal about it? If you have been paying attentionRead MoreUnlocking Weight Loss Resistance At Just 30 Days11226 Words   |  45 PagesChapter Name Pg # 10 Chapter Name Pg # DISCLAIMER: (THIS IS THE STUFF THE LAWYERS MAKE ME SAY!) Kurt Stradtman, CFNC is not a physician or psychologist, and the scope of this book does not include treatment or diagnosis of specific illnesses or disorders. If you, the client, suspect you may have an ailment or illness that may require medical attention, then you are encouraged to consult with a licensed physician without delay. Only a licensed physician can prescribe drugs. Any mention of drugsRead MoreThe Effects Of Relaxation On A Healthy Diet9106 Words   |  37 PagesB vitamins are the most important for curing anxiety. 3. Maintain the sugar in your blood! Eat little and often during the day in order to maintain the sugar in your blood. Malnutrition can lead to anxiety also. 4. Have an equilibrate life You must maintain equilibrium between resting, exercising and recreation. This will help you feel better and have a positive attitude. Anxiety is not going to disappear if you have a hectic life. 5. Go to gymnastic classes Gymnastic will help you relief all

Should Capital Punishment Be Allowed - 1376 Words

Effectiveness in Death Penalty Over the past forty-years, 1,421 executions have been conducted by thirty-one states and the federal government under the capital punishment sentence (â€Å"Facts About the Death Penalty†). Throughout those years however, controversial opinions have aroused on whether the capital punishment should be permitted, its success on reflecting a deterrent effect, and even its morality. Although it is often argued that Capital punishment is appropriate when the crime reaches an egregious extent, the revocation of constitutional securities, discrimination within race and income status, as well as the insufficiency to achieve a deterrent effect prevail over the validation of society’s ultimate punishment–the death penalty. In Wilkinson v. Utah (1879), the Supreme Court ruled that capital punishment was not a violation of the Eighth Amendment s â€Å"prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment†, therefore allowing congress or any state lawmaking body to endorse capital punishment for homicide and other capital offenses. Overtime, however, the Supreme court has issued numerous rulings on the use of capital punishments that the Eighth Amendment outlines in regard to certain procedural aspects that reflect when a jury may utilize capital punishment and the undergoing process of the death sentence itself. The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 states the permitted process of death sentence executions: â€Å"lethal injection, electrocution, lethal gas,Show MoreRelatedCapital Punishment Should Be Allowed955 Words   |  4 PagesCapital punishment is execution, which can furthermore be identified as the death penalty, has been a hot topic in the public eye for a while. The question on lots of minds is whether it is acceptable for the state to terminate one’s life for the crime they have committed. A significant question that we will address is whether or not capital punishment should be allowed. By inquiring more information about this topic people should be able to formulate their own opinions on this debate. As I beganRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Be Allowed Or Not?927 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States of America, the issue of capital punishment is one of the major controversial topics which is being debated over and over due to different ideologies of people. Many support the use of death penalty but other oppose the use of this form of punishment because they think it’s barbaric. There are numerous reasons why some individuals believe that capital punishment should be allowed or not. Most of these individual’s beliefs are influenced by religion, the Constitution, and deterrenceRead MoreExamine the Ethical Issue on Capital Punishment and Discuss the Extent Which It Should Be Allowed.1867 Words   |  8 PagesQuestion: Examine the ethical issue on capital punishment and discuss the extent to which it should be allowed. We live in a society where killing is deemed and known as unethical and immoral, and this is because of society’s condemnation of death. We are bounded by a set of guidelines, a social contract, and these common guidelines create boundaries – boundaries that determine how the law is formed, what is wrong and what is right, benefitting the majority of the society. By having this socialRead MoreChristianity and Allowing Capital Punishment Essay1051 Words   |  5 PagesChristianity and Allowing Capital Punishment The question of whether Christians should allow capital punishment is controversial and is often argued between many Christians. This question can be answered by using the bible to help them understand their morale and ways of life. The Christians believe that Christians should allow capital punishment and they argue this by using the bible in Exodus 21 24 eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot thisRead MoreCapital Punishment and its Controversies 1434 Words   |  6 PagesCapital punishment uses death penalty as a form of punishment in many states and countries. It is a practice that has raised endless questions all over the world. Capital punishment or death penalty policy has changed in many countries overtime. Countries such as, New Australia, Zealand and 15 states in the US do not have capital punishment. One of the major concerns arising with capital punishment is because it causes ending of a human life. People and organizations of different backgrounds areRead More The Need for Capital Punishment in America Essay1151 Words   |  5 PagesIt is the firm belief and position here that committing such a crime as murder is punishable by death. Americans should take a position for anyone on death row, to be executed sooner rather than later. The moral reality in an argument for capital punishment is that they know the difference between the death penalty and what happens when it is actually put into place from the court of law. In the United States there are more people sitting in prison on death row than actually being executed atRead MorePersuasive Essay On Capital Punishment921 Words   |  4 PagesCapital punishment is a controversial debate in the United States. Many Americans believe that the death penalty is immoral because of its ethical complications. Still others believe that capital punishment is a cheaper and quicker way for justice to be served. When the government houses inmates, vast amounts of money are spent on food, medication, and clothing for inmates to survive in prison. Yet, the majority of America still allows for the practice of capital punishment in several manners suchRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1017 Words   |  5 PagesPosition Paper Country: Saudi Arabia Name: Lucas Falley Topic: Capital Punishment Background: Capital punishment, or the death penalty, has existed for thousands of years. For as long as there has been organized society, the death penalty has existed in numerous cultures and civilizations. Throughout the years the methods have changed, but the use of capital punishment is becoming a pressing matter. Amnesty International reports that there are 140 countries worldwide that have abolished the deathRead MoreLiterature Review on Death Penalty1028 Words   |  5 Pagespaper is going to be over â€Å"Do you agree with the death penalty?†. I gathered information by asking a series of questions of other individuals. Some of the questions I asked was, â€Å"Do you think the death penalty is a deterrent from a crime?†, and â€Å"How should the death penalty be administered?† My goal is to find out how many people agree or disagree with the death penalty, and why. This will be a good opportunity to view this topic from many different aspects, considering each p erson will have theirRead MoreCapital Punishment And The Death Penalty1031 Words   |  5 PagesCapital punishment has been a part of the U.S criminal justice system for centuries. The death penalty has been the most controversial aspect. The death penalty is legal in 33 states but the rest of the 19 states abolished it. There are over half of Americans that support the death penalty while the rest of them believe that it is unacceptable. People who support the death penalty believe that capital punishment lowers future crime rates, but people who are against it believe that it is a cruel

Achieving Strategic Fit Free Essays

Strategic fit express the degree to which an organization is matching its resources and capabilities with the opportunities in the external environment. The matching takes place through strategy and it is therefore vital that the company have the actual resources and capabilities to execute and support the strategy. Strategic fit can be used actively to evaluate the current strategic situation of a company as well as opportunities as MA and divestitures of organizational divisions. We will write a custom essay sample on Achieving Strategic Fit or any similar topic only for you Order Now Strategic fit is related to the Resource-based view of the firm which suggests that the key to profitability is not only through positioning and industry selection but rather through an internal focus which seeks to utilize the unique characteristics of the company’s portfolio of resources and capabilities. [1] A unique combination of resources and capabilities can eventually be developed into a competitive advantage which the company can profit from. However, it is important to differentiate between resources and capabilities. Resources relate to the inputs to production owned by the company, whereas capabilities describe the accumulation of learning the company possesses. Resources can be classified both as tangible and intangible: Tangible: Financial (Cash, securities) Physical (Location, plant, machinery) Intangible: Technology (Patents, copyrights) Human resources Reputation (Brands) Culture Several tools have been developed one can use in order to analyze the resources and capabilities of a company. These include SWOT, value chain analysis, cash flow analysis and more. Benchmarking with relevant peers is a useful tool to assess the relative strengths of the resources and capabilities of the company compared to its competitors. Strategic fit can also be used to evaluate specific opportunities like MA opportunities. Strategic fit would in this case refer to how well the potential acquisition fits with the planned direction (strategy) of the acquiring company. In order to justify growth through MA transactions the transaction should ield a better return than Organic growth. The Differential Efficiency Theory states that the acquiring firm will be able increase its efficiency in the areas where the acquired firm is superior. In addition the theory argues that MA transactions give the acquiring firm the possibility of achieving positive synergy effects meaning that the two merged companies are worth more together than the sums of their parts individually. [2] This is because merging companies may enjoy from economics of scale and economics of scope. However, in reality many MA transactions fails due to different factors, one of them being lack of strategic fit. A CEO survey conducted by Bain Company showed that 94% of the interviewed CEO’s considered the strategic fit to be vitally influential in the success or failure of an acquisition. [3] A high degree of strategic fit from can potentially yield many benefits for an organization. Best case scenario a high degree of strategic fit may be the key to a successful merger, an efficient organization, synergy effects or cost reductions. How to cite Achieving Strategic Fit, Essay examples

Information Governance Principles and Practices

Question: Discuss about the Information Governance Principles and Practices. Answer: Introduction: This essay aims to focus on the employee fraud practice as a result of information systems mishandling. Though an array of information control system are present in the organizations for preventing any fraudulent action, however the employees who are not honest are aware of the weakness within the system. The fraud of information system is responsible for bearing of financial losses by the organization. The employees having such intentions of committing fraud are a major threat to the company and are the responsibility of the internal auditors for identifying such frauds within the financial information system (Knowles, Colson and Dezateux 2016). This essay will analyze a case study associated with employee fraud in Healthy Hospital (HH) in which breaching of the internal controls of information technology and management was done together with the falsification of business records. The analysis of this case study intends for learning from such situations as well as analyzes the risks within the system vigilantly. In addition, this essay will focus on the appropriate action which should be taken by an internal auditor for improving the internal controls and preventing the activities of fraud within the organizations in future. For understanding the reason behind the fraudulent activity in the Healthy hospital, it is essential to provide a succinct summary of the case. It has been revealed by the by the facts of Healthy hospital that the software system of this hospital have recently been upgraded prior to its installation in the year 1990. Because of the reduction in the annuals profits of the hospital, a decision was made for reducing their annual operations cost by twenty five million dollars. After reviewing the areas, where reduction in the operation cost can be made, a decision was made for eliminating clerk position because of declining number of vendors of medical supply. However, as a result of the complaints regarding slow payment received from the vendors, Matt Harris who was the senior A/P clerk of Healthy hospital (HH) was hired as a temporary clerk without investigating his background. As the days passed by, he became a permanent employee of the organization like the other employees. He was a suspect for fraud case related to cash in the absence of an internal audit manager. Therefore, it is evident from the case analysis that there was an occurrence of fraud because of the functioning of Tracy Downs, the A/P manager. In the recruitment of employees, the standard operating procedure has not been followed by the A/P manager. Matts background investigation was ignored as it was thought it was not needed by for the temporary employees. The other breach that has been observed is ignoring the policy of the organization against nepotism by which the employees belonging from a similar family, who work in sensitive departments like finance and several o thers, are prohibited to work in HH for protecting the business documents. Therefore, Tracys actions conflict with the procedure of the hospital in the recruitment of employees and ending in a fraud case. In addition, the term of the procedure of business in this hospital, Tracy was responsible for updating and maintaining the accurateness in accounts payable data. Since, Tracy forgot to delete the account payable vendor file of Matt prior to his full time employment after working as an independent contractor; it resulted in the occurrence of fraud within the organization. He was not interviewed for his permanent recruitment according to the policy of HH. In this hospital, the control for internal information system was not strong enough hence; Matt got access to the checks that were signed previously. It is necessary to know regarding an employee by means of checking the background or interviewing for preventing any sort of fraud cases. An example of Healthcare fraud pending cases has been provided in the appendices figure- 1. It has been revealed by the case study that fraud mostly takes place because of weak internal controls, which could be detected by the individuals like Matt and taking full advantage in every possible way. The primary action would be in strengthening the internal controls by carrying out a comprehensive evaluation of the risk in the company or organization (Epstein 2013). The auditors must have a strict control for ensuring that all the corporate policies as well as practices are followed strictly by all the members of the organization. The other necessary action is to evidently segregate the policies of duty, which implies that which employee should be authorized to access and have a control over the documents. In the given case study, assigning Matt with semi-weekly cash disbursement run was a sever mistake. It offered him a chance for successfully carrying out his intention of fraud. Lack of action for segregating the responsibility of duty is the cause behind several events of fr aud in an organization. Only the restricted persons like Account Payable Manager should possess the authority for initiating or approving a transaction (Knowles, Colson and Dezateux 2016). In cases of pre-established finance, there must be dual signature as well as approval of the management for a check amount (Laxman, Randles and Nair 2014). For protecting the financial transactions, random auditing is also necessary (Knowles, Colson and Dezateux 2016). It will also lead to the elimination of the chances of manipulation of business information by the employees who are deceitful. Besides Tracy, Downs and Harris, the A/P manager is greatly responsible for this fraudulent activity as Matt was hired by her without any background investigation and subsequent to the recruitment policy. The CEO of HH, James Smith is indirectly responsible for this case as Matt was allowed by him as an employee in spite of the Mr. Walters warning regarding the recruitment going against the nepotism policy. Tracy Down and Elinor Linz are also responsible for this act of fraud as they did not deleted the Matts accounts payable Independent contractor account. In preventing the fraud, the internal audit manager could have assisted in preventing the fraud as he would have taken the action at first when he identified the incidences of fraud in the information system. He was responsible to detect and prevent the fraud activities in the early stages of the system. They are responsible for managing the risks of fraud and take steps for monitoring any activities of suspicion in the organization (Cassidy 2016).Nonetheless, for carrying out this duty efficiently, the internal audit manager needs to possess advanced level of theoretical knowledge for identifying the signs of fraud and change of attitude of the employees (Disterer 2013). They should be conscientious for further investigating a suspicious case and they should inform it to an individual who is responsible regarding it (Donovan et al. 2014). A critical activity for reducing the chances of fraud involves the conduction of annual auditing (Power 2013). The management should be supported by these individuals for establishing an anti-fraud policy, assessing risks in the process of business, identifying the relation between crime and internal crimes and instantly reporting the matter to the committees of auditing (Meehan 2016). According to audit principles, the audit managers should have professional cynicism attitude for being responsible enough for reducing the occurrence of fraud (Shanmugam, Haat and Ali 2012). Therefore, these actions could assist in averting the cases of fraud (Ballard et al. 2014). An example of the Health expenditures and the importance of preventing fraud have been provided in figure 2 in the appendices. Technical control may assist in suspecting and protecting the companies/organizations against fraud (Kaczmarek 2014). It may be carried for enhancing checks and balances systems. In particularly, for HH it is necessary for examining the checks ensuring that they dont have any issues without the permission from the trusted authorities (Nijenhuis 2016). In addition, for Healthy Hospital an information-auditing plan can be made for preventing the activities of fraud (Kaczmarek 2014). In addition a completely planned programme of training and communication will be advantageous for enhancing the control on fraud as well as its prevention. Healthy Hospitals internal manager should keep a constant vigil for noticing the changes in the behavior and attitude of the employees (Laxman, Randles and Nair 2014). It is important to establish an internal control system for preventing the future fraud cases such as disbursements of cash by Matt Harris. The internal control system should intend to keep in consideration the duty of every employee in Healthy Hospital (Laxman, Randles and Nair 2014). The information-auditing plan for Healthy Hospital should initially involve the recognition of changes that have been implemented prior to the fraud case. In addition, the managers who are concerned for auditing should assess the implemented alterations and and their impact on the workforce of Healthy Hospital. Besides this, the audit should investigate the sequence of financial transactions occurring on a daily basis. All the activities of business should be reviewed punctually to observe any violation of policies. The audit manger should also scrutinize the method of collecting data along with its storage. The data should be compared with the with respect to the performance as well as the standards. Therefore, by considering all these procedures Healthy hospital can prevent the fraud activities in future. In the end, it can be concluded that this essay has highlighted the fraud practices by the dishonest employees by the misuse of the organizations information system. The employees having such intentions of committing fraud are a major threat to the organization and are the responsibility of the internal auditors for identifying such frauds within the financial information system. The analysis of this case study intends for learning from such situations as well as analyzes the risks within the system carefully. In the case analysis, it has been observed that Matt has committed a serious crime, as he was responsible for the disbursements of large cash. Therefore, it is essential that the enhancements of technical and internal control should be done for reducing the cases of fraud in the future in an efficient manner. References Ballard, C., Compert, C., Jesionowski, T., Milman, I., Plants, B., Rosen, B. and Smith, H., 2014.Information Governance Principles and Practices for a Big Data Landscape. IBM Redbooks. Cassidy, A., 2016.A practical guide to information systems strategic planning. CRC press. Disterer, G., 2013. Iso/iec 27000, 27001 and 27002 for information security management. Donovan, J., Frankel, R., Lee, J., Martin, X. and Seo, H., 2014. Issues raised by studying DeFond and Zhang: What should audit researchers do?.Journal of Accounting and Economics,58(2), pp.327-338. Epstein, D., 2013. The making of institutions of information governance: the case of the Internet Governance Forum.Journal of Information Technology,28(2), pp.137-149. Kaczmarek, J., 2014. Supporting Information Governance through Records and Information Management. Research Bulletin.EDUCAUSE. Knowles, R., Colson, D. and Dezateux, C., 2016. Life Study Ethics and Information Governance Framework. Laxman, S., Randles, R. and Nair, A., 2014. The fight against fraud: internal auditors can use COSO components to develop and deliver an effective fraud mitigation program.Internal Auditor,71(1), pp.49-54. Meehan, A., 2016. The Information Governance Road Map: Mile Marker 2--Updates fromthe Journey.Journal of AHIMA/American Health Information Management Association,87(7), p.50. Nijenhuis, R.G., 2016. Prevention of Dutch fraud cases: a multiple case study on the effectiveness of internal control in the process of financial statement fraud prevention. Power, M., 2013. The apparatus of fraud risk.Accounting, Organizations and Society,38(6), pp.525-543. Shanmugam, J.K., Haat, M.H.C. and Ali, A., 2012. An Exploratory Study of Internal Control and Fraud Prevention Measures in SMEs.Small,100, pp.18-2.